Pedophile Priest Scandal Essay - 580 Words

Pedophile Priest Scandal In 2002 the Catholic Church was rocked with scandalous reports of Priests sexually molesting young children and particularly boys. The scandal is the result of numerous investigations, allegations, arrests, trials, convictions and imprisonment of Catholic Priests. It became largely reported that once trusted and respected Catholic Priests were pedophiles. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categorizes pedophilia as a mental disorder if the sexual fantasies or urges involve prepubescent children , if they last six months or longer, if the individual has acted on them, or if they cause marked distress† (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The abuse scandal hit the church at†¦show more content†¦The church had a study done by researchers at John Jay College. In two major reports spanning from 1950 to 2010, the church had the researchers report on the scope and nature of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests. The research disclosed some important issues (John Jay College Research Team, 2004). The major findings disclosed there was no single cause as a predictor of abuse, 75% of the abuses were alleged to have taken place from 1960-1984, there were about 3,000 priests accused of abuse American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Revised 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; (2000). John Jay College Research Team. (2004). The nature and scope of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests and deacons in the United States, 1950-2002. Washington, DC: United States Confer-ence of Catholic Bishops. Lewis, Aidan (2010). Looking behind the Catholic sex abuse scandal. BBC News. Retrieved May, 2014 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8654789.stm Nelson, Jeffrey A. (2009). Sex Abuse in the American Catholic Church and the Attempt at Redemption. Communication Theater Association of Minnesota. Summer: 37–51. From a review of the New York Times, January 9 through April 18, 2002. Saradjian, A., Nobus, D. (2003). Cognitive distortions of religious professionals who sexually abuse children. Journal of interpersonal violence, 18(8), 905-923. Terry, K. J. (2008). Stained GlassShow MoreRelatedObservation Of A Psychiatric Mental Disorder1781 Words   |  8 Pagesconcern was the possible loss of power, fame, and faith within the parishioners, which led the bishops to avoid the scandal. The Catholic Church achieved the cover-up of the scandal by settling the lawsuits outside court, by paying secret damages to the victims and by not taking into consideration the severe emotional, and psychological repercussions on minors. Even though the scandal was evaded at the beginning, it was an issue that fell off under its own weight. Consequently, the media attentionRead MoreChristianity and Islam Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesin mosques on Friday’s. Christians pray in churches, chapels, cathedrals, and basilicas on Sunday’s. During their prayers Muslims have their head covered and kneel throughout the session. Christianity has many religious leaders such as; the pope, priest, archbishop, and deacon. Where the pope is t he highest authority. Islam’s religious leaders are called imams and do not have a hierarchy like Christianity. The strength of Christianity and Islam beliefs has diminished in recent decadesRead MoreEssay The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church.2230 Words   |  9 Pagesstory concerning a Catholic Priest sparked the headlines. The Boston Globe newspaper reported, â€Å"Nine allege priest abused them, threaten to sue church† (â€Å"Spotlight Investigation†). The article was a steppingstone for what triggered an intense investigation, extending from Massachusetts to Washington State, into allegations of child sexual abuse and the Catholic Church. For decades the Catholic Church has tolerated and silenced accusations of sexual misconduct by its priests. This essay discussesRead MoreOne True Religion: A Flawed Concept1029 Words   |  5 PagesFor me it would be easy to create an angry indictment of organized religion. Evidence of religious strife and abuse exist in almost every society throughout history. Modern examples include the pedophile priest scandal, the endless line of Islamists ready to blow themselves up in the market place, the machete wielding Nigerian who hacks up his neighbors, the junta beating monks in Myanmar, the countries which have or want nuclear weapons and are ready to use them against religions enemies. The listRead MoreThe Film Spotlight And How This Film Does The Freedom Of Speech?1976 Words   |  8 Pagesthe allegations of abuse in the Catholic Church of Boston. In 2001, editor of The Boston Globe, Marty Baron, assigns the Spotlight team to focus on an excommunicated priest accused of molesting more than 80 boys in the Boston area. As the Spotlight team starts to interview victims, it becomes apparent that it’s more than just one priest and the reporters make it their mission to provide proof of a cover-up of sexual abuse within the Roman Catholic Church. The year-long investigation uncovers a decades-longRead MoreThe Bad Sleep Well By John Patrick Shanley Essay2179 Words   |  9 Pagesis a poor, black child living in Bronx, NY with his controlling mother and abusive father trying to fit in an Irish catholic school during the peak of the civil rights era. Sister Aloysius attempts to do the near impossible and find out if the head priest, Father Flynn, has done the unspeakable act of molesting Donald Muller. The play doesn’t establish if Father Flynn was guilty or innocent, thus giving the audience a role of creating their own conclusion of what happened. With the events that becomeRead MoreThe Public Sphere : An Encyclopedia Article Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions will go to protect themselves, about who we listen to and protect, about who and what we ignore, about the power of disclosure and even conversation† (Smith-Fullerton). The report, which details numerous pedophile cases by Catholic priests, the journalists who disclosed the scandals, and the community who became complicit, exemplifies the destructive nature of our hierarchical society and the accumulated power it sustains. Larson highlights that the dominance of systems that govern our dailyRead MoreChild Abuse Within Public Schools3070 Words   |  13 Pagesstudents in schools is likely more than 100 times the abuse by priests. The federal report said 422,000 California public-school students would be victims before graduation. The connection between such a high numbers of abuse victims is unheard but can only lead to one main question; who are the educators of these children. CBS reported headlines about a Nationwide Teacher Molestation Cover-up and by asking Are Ed Schools Producing Pedophiles? The victimization of children must start with those capableRead MoreEffects of Corruption in the Phil.14311 Words   |  58 Pageswith certain influential religious groups with alleged secret cash handouts threaten to further escalate the political conflict and sully the clergys reputation as a source of moral authority amid the countrys rough and tumble politics. Numerous scandals have stuck to Arroyos administration, starting with her alleged rigging of the 2004 elections, the alleged use of the countrys fertilizer fund to finance her campaign drive, and now charges that her husband and a close political associate received

Johnstown Flood Essay - 1199 Words

McCullough presents a meticulously researched, detailed account of the Johnstown Flood of May 31st 1889, which provides arguments for why the disaster was both â€Å"the work of man† and â€Å"a visitation of providence†. However, it is apparent that McCullough believes that man was more responsible than nature/god for the extent of the catastrophe. In McCullough’s opinion, the storm that caused the flood was no more than the inevitable stimulus of the disaster, whereas the deferred maintenance and poor repairs on the dam were the primary reason that Johnstown was devastated in 1889. McCullough exposes the failed duties of Benjamin Ruff and other members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, whilst simultaneously questioning the†¦show more content†¦He also explains how heavy rainfall in 1879 and 1881 caused further damage. This information sets a precedent for the disaster of 1889. McCullough once again reiterates the responsibility of man prior to the 1889 disaster with the example of Daniel J. Morrell’s concerns in 1880. He sent John Fulton on behalf of the Cambria Iron Works to inspect the dam, where two major structural problems were found: there was no discharge pipe to reduce water in the dam, and, the previous repair left a leak that cut into the dam. This initial warning and advice was rejected, even after their offer to pay for repairs. McCullough then points out that there were in fact four other crucial problems that needed to be repaired that had not been noticed by Fulton. The height of the dam had been lowered, reducing the height between the crest and the spillway. A screen of iron rods were put across the spillway, which would decrease its capacity when clogged by debris. The dam sagged in the center so it was lower than at the ends when the center should have been highest and strongest. Lastly, the club brought the level of the lake near ly to the top so there was no reserve capacity for a severe storm. By indicating the many problems with the dam prior to the great flood of 1889 and the South Fork Club’s refusal to acknowledge the potential danger, McCullough is leaving little doubt to the reader of hisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Johnstown Flood Disaster1263 Words   |  6 PagesJohnstown Flood May 31, 1889 was a day that brought terror to the small town of Johnstown Pennsylvania. The small town was established in 1794 as a steel town and had a population on 30,000. The cause of the flood actually starts not at the town but 14 upstream at the South Fork Dam were the Little Conemaugh and Stony Creeks rivers meet as you can see in the image below. At this place is Lake Conemaugh, a 3-mile long lake located up against the side of a mountain, 450 feet higher than JohnstownRead MoreThe Johnstown Flood896 Words   |  4 PagesResponse Paper of the Johnstown Flood â€Å"Johnstown flood† is a short story written by David McCullough. This story talks about the miraculous survival of a little girl named Gertrude. Gertrude’s sheer luck got her up the hill safely. Of course, with the help of several people she met along the way. I think that this is an extraordinary act of how worked together and some people put his/her life at risk to save a small child that they didn’t even knew. I fell that this is a great example of howRead MoreThe Great Flood Of 18891385 Words   |  6 PagesAlso known as the â€Å"Great Flood of 1889,† the Johnstown flood occurred when a local man-made dam failed, unleashing millions of gallons of water and causing utter destruction in its wake. 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The most important ones grew along the Indus River in Pakistan; the Nile in Egypt; the Yellow River in China; and the Tigris andRead MoreFlood and National Weather Service2299 Words   |  10 PagesA flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas - washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a storm, hurricane, or tropical storm or melt water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods can also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash f loods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale lessRead MoreSurvival: A Chance or Choice? Essay660 Words   |  3 Pagescertain time. During the Johnstown Flood, the dreadful thought of being there in that situation crossed many peoples minds. For the people that chose to travel on the train that day, they got caught in the terrible flowing water. 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Compare the Ways in Which Expected Roles Were Determined Free Essays

Compare the ways in which expected roles were determined by gender in ‘Journeys End’ and ‘The Accrington Pals’. To what extent would you agree that ‘Accrington Pals’ presents a more credible image than ‘Journeys End’. A large proportion of Great War literature suggests that men were socially seen as the superior gender but women were given opportunities to prove themselves in a male-dominated society as a by-product of war. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare the Ways in Which Expected Roles Were Determined or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will compare the issues of gender identity and roles at the front line in R. C Sheriffs ‘Journeys End’ and the impact war had on women who stayed home in Accrington, seen in Peter Whelan’s ‘The Accrington Pals’ during 1914 and 1918. ‘Journeys End’ appears to be a more credible drama because of Sheriffs first-hand experience of the war, where as ‘The Accrington Pals’ depicts the more emotional side of war. R. C Sheriff uses Stanhope as an example of how war affected young, intelligent and inexperienced men and showing the reality of war. Stanhope is the stereotypical male of WW1. He is the image of authority, power and patriotism. He is also thought incredibly highly of from the lower ranks. ‘He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got’. It seems as though men were in the war for a long time but the reality being that the death rate of British officers was higher than that of the lower ranks with the average life expectancy of an officer being fourteen days. The word ‘long’ therefore creates irony within the drama. From the beginning of the drama, we are enlightened of Stanhope’s experience and dedication to his duty, however, Stanhope could be seen as a contradictory figure. His heavy drinking and reliance on alcohol may be a sign of weakness, which could also present Sheriffs use of realism in the drama. Stanhope is far from reluctant to admit he has a drinking problem. ‘Without being doped with whisky- I’d go mad with fright. ’ Sherriff’s own experience may have been reflected on in this dialogue as men at war used to seek comfort in things in order to avoid fright. It is apparent that this is the reason for Stanhope’s excessive drinking. Seeking comfort in something seen as sinful by society is also typical of Ralph from ‘The Accrington Pals’ who seeks contentment whilst away from his girlfriend, Eva Mason. At the beginning of the play, Ralph expresses love, affection and admiration for Eva; ‘clever woman! Eh? Brains! ’, which is why it seems disappointing when Ralph admits he has been unfaithful to her in whilst away at war, seen in the extract, ‘I’ve been a bastard to you Eva, if only you knew. Slept with whores’. Ralph, being a typical representation of a working class citizen suggests that war can turn even the most honourable man to adultery in the search for comfort. It is almost as if Whelan sympathises with the fragility of men because of their previous innocence, horrific war and their apparent flaws. Through the use Stanhope and Ralph as characters the audience understand the expectations placed on men because of their class. Stanhope, being from the high rank in the military is ultimately granted respect from the lower ranks, whilst Ralph in ‘The Accrington Pals’ was from a lower class citizen and in a lower rank, thus the reason for C. S. M Rivers arrogance and lack of respect; ‘we don’t want you shooting yourself in the head. ’ C. S. M Rivers does not think Ralph is capable of the things man does in war, simply because of his class. The patriotic character of Stanhope in ‘Journeys End’ compares with Tom Hackford from ‘The Accrington Pals’, who illustrates comradeship throughout the entire drama. Despite his description in the preface being that he is ‘a dreamy, utopian idealist young man’, he does not seem typical of the average man of the war as he appears almost as a young boy, not knowing the horrific reality of what is to come. He is very dedicated to his future duty as a solider and seems excited to fight for his country, although this is not in the interest of May, who describes war with ‘that’s a world you love isn’t it’. As an audience, we gain an insight to Tom’s reasons for volunteering. This is ironic because he understands that he is soon to die but he describes signing up as a way to escape from Accrington for something new ‘free of here, of this place, of this town’. Being such a socialist creature; it can only be disappointing that war has limited opportunities for the male gender as many of the young men who signed themselves up such as Tom and Ralph whom had no idea of the reality of the trenches because of government censorship. Tom’s enthusiasm to his obligation is apparent throughout the drama, as seen in his letter he writes to May in scene two. ‘I hope you don’t mind me sharing it as we do all the parcels here’ Comradeship is proven as he shares his luxuries with the Pals. ‘I hope you don’t mind me sharing it’. Even near to his death, Tom still concentrates on sticking with one another to get through the war. The ideologies of Tom contrast to those of May Hassel, who is described from the outset of ‘The Accrington Pals’ as ‘a strong-minded, rugged individualist woman. The entrepreneurial spirit displayed through May’s independence and the leadership motive of the iron lady, suggest the advantages war gave women. Whilst the men are absent from Accrington, May is left focused on exploiting the chances now available, making her appear arrogant and cold hearted. May obsesses with business ideas and opts to making money out of the war. à ¢â‚¬ËœI never believed that war would make a difference like this. There’s money around’. The individual attitude and the drive to make money is not typical of the female gender role, therefore May does not present the normal values the contemporary audience are expecting from a woman. ‘The Accrington Pals’ suggests the more emotional side of war for women, showing the eventual downfall of May caused by the lack of male influence within war shaped society, however does strengthen May’s development as an individualist. The absence of Tom seems the reason for Mays change. Her development during the play into a more conventional and sensitive women (as seen in scene four act one). The change in Mays character can be seen when she offers to make the tea. She seems more lenient and positive. In ‘The Accrington Pals’, it is arguable that May Hassal conforms to the role that is often portrayed of women in the First World War: taking on the everyday roles of men while they were away. This expectation has been shown to us through literature from the time, such as Emmeline Pankhurst’s autobiography which gives the proof that feminism was now a feature of Edwardian existence. May suggests this as she is shown to be an individualistic, entrepreneurial ‘tartar’ (seen in conversation between the Pals). In this sense, however, May is shown to be more masculine, and has seemingly swapped roles with Tom who becomes more feminine. This can be determined by the labels that May gives him, such as ‘Dreamer’. However, these gender roles are once again returned to typical trends of society by the end of the play when May becomes feminised by Tom’s death. This seems to be portrayed as almost chaotic, and heroic. Rivers says, ‘But our Tom was a hero †¦ , a madcap scarecrow ripping his way out of the wire! ’ Tom’s death, while instilling a sense of masculinity back to Tom’s character role, also gives us a sense of uncommon femininity in May reverting her to the underlying fact that she is a female. Throughout the drama, May is often shown to be the cold hearted, aggressive character yet Tom’s death leads her to act out in a more emotional, feminine way and expresses her sorrowed emotions. This is similar to Stanhope and Raleigh’s relationship in ‘Journey’s End’. Both are emotionally connected, and have been for a long time, yet the older character, Stanhope, treats Raleigh as both an outsider and a stranger for the majority of the play, speaking down to him and criticising him largely. Stanhope says in one instance ‘ D’you understand an order? Give me that letter! ’. In many ways, the relationship shared by Stanhope and Raleigh is similar to that of Tom and May; the older and more experienced character doubts the abilities and maturity of the younger, more innocent individual therefore limiting the care that is expressed between them. Just as with May, Stanhope openly expresses his emotions during the death of Raleigh, showing a return to the Stanhope that was described by Raleigh earlier in the play – a hero, an idol, who cared for him. ‘Stanhope gently takes his hand. ’ Stanhope expresses a great deal of care for Raleigh in his final moments of life and attempts to make his death as comfortable as possible. This seems to show appreciation for him as a person per-war as well as a brave solider. This is similar to how May expresses her sorrow for Tom’s death in ‘The Accrington Pals’. To conclude this essay, the gender of a person seems to alter the role they played during World War One. Men were expected to fight for their honour and country whereas women were expected to stay at home and support infants and households. Each role is an act of protection. Whether it was staying at home in Accrington, or fighting at the front in ‘Journeys End’, a place in society was inevitably determined by gender. ‘Journeys End’ was written from the personal perspective of R. C. Sherriff, so is more likely to be based on his own experiences of the war. It is very likely that Sherriff witnessed the discussed gender roles and identities as part of the reality of war, adding to the credibility of the factual based play. His work seems to be heavily based on gender hegemonies apt of the Great War era giving extra depth and dimension to the truth of War. However one must not forget Peter Whelan wrote ‘The Accrington Pals’ when the war was over, therefore using information and experiences from historical evidence. Although this may be a more rounded opinion, in my opinion the real life experiences of R. C. Sherriff creates a far more credible and powerful piece of literature. How to cite Compare the Ways in Which Expected Roles Were Determined, Essay examples

Marketing Mang KOtler test bank ch cosumer free essay sample

Chapter 6 – Analyzing Consumer Markets and Buyer Behavior True/False Questions 1. Whirlpool uses staff anthropologists to determine how exotic cultures do their laundry. False (easy) p. 111 2. Culture is the most fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior. True (moderate) p. 112 3. Social classes are relatively heterogeneous and enduring divisions in a society. False (difficult) p. 113 4. If you reject the values of a particular group, it is considered a dissociative group. True (moderate) p. 113 5. Religious, professional, and trade union groups are types of secondary reference groups. True (moderate) p. 113 6. Of the major factors influencing buying behavior, your family will exert the broadest and deepest influence. True (moderate) pp. 114-115 7. Family members constitute the most influential primary reference group. True (easy) pp. 114-115 8. An opinion leader is a person who offers informal advice or information about some product category. True (easy) p. 114 9. The value of the social class concept to marketers is that members of a given class tend to share similar values, interests, and behavior. True (moderate) p. 113 10. Usually people from the same subculture, social class, and/or occupation have essentially the same lifestyle. False (moderate) p. 116 11. The buyer’s age and occupation are considered personal factors that may affect buying decisions. True (easy) pp. 115-116 12. Because human needs are universal, status symbols are the same worldwide. False (moderate) p. 117 13. VALS 2 is designed to reveal why people believe and act as they do, specifically their consumer behavior. True (moderate) p. 116 14. The VALS 2 segment Experiencers is made up of conservative, conventional, and traditional people who favor familiar products and established brands. False (moderate) p. 116 15. Perception involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world. True (moderate) p. 118 16. Most human behavior is learned. True (easy) p. 119 17. The buying decision process will involve the same stages regardless of whether the purchase reflects high or low involvement. False (moderate) p. 120 18. If in order to buy a computer, James visited several electronic stores, read magazine reviews, and talked to several friends, he would have exhibited high involvement in the consumer decision process. She has gone to the country club every weekend since she can remember. She likes to take tennis lessons and has even tried golfing. She is co-captain of her high school’s varsity cheerleading squad. Her parents would like her to join the Honor Society (his grades are good enough), but she thinks its members are losers. Her boyfriend is a starter on the basketball team. In a short essay, identify the different types of reference groups and discuss the three ways they influence behavior. Answer: Tiffany’s parents, the other cheerleaders, and the Blink-182 fan club are primary groups. The people at the country club is a secondary reference group. She sees the Honor Society group as a dissociative reference group. The boyfriend’s clique may be an aspirational group. Tiffany’s reference groups expose her to new behaviors and lifestyles. They influence her attitude and self-concept. And they create pressure for conformity that might affect actual product and brand choices. (moderate) pp. 113-115 73. Aubrey, Will, and Miguel were watching the Arizona Diamondbacks on television when a Dodge truck commercial came on followed shortly by one for Toyota trucks. Will is in the market for a new truck, so he paid close attention to both commercials. Aubrey saw the same commercial and wondered why anyone would want to run a shiny new truck through all that mud. If you had to drive it in the mud, then a truck was not for her. Miguel used to have a Toyota truck and decided that if his experience were any indicator, the Toyota truck truly is â€Å"the mayor of Truckville. † In a short essay, discuss how their responses to the TV commercials illustrate perception? p. 118 74. The information search in the buying decision process involves gathering information from a number of sources. In a short essay, name the four different sources and give examples of each source an individual would use when buying new carpeting. Answer: Personal sources would include family, friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. Commercial sources would include advertising, salespeople, and store displays. Public sources include publicity pieces in print and broadcast media, including the Internet, and reports by consumer-rating organizations. Experiential sources might by taking your shoes off and walking on samples at the store or feeling a friend’s new living room carpeting with your hands.  (easy) p. 122 75. Explain how a consumer buying a car is involved in a cluster of activities, as opposed to being involved in only a single task. Answer: The act of making a decision to buy a car is itself a complex task. But consumers engaged in such a process are generally in the market for other related goods and services at the same time. For example, after deciding which car to purchase, the consumer needs to consider car insurance providers, their premiums and service levels. Most consumers finance, rather than pay for a car outright. This involves assessing different options, such as which bank, credit union, or other source to choose, as well a comparison of the interest rates they each may charge. The consumer also may be considering whether to add on accessories, either as part of the purchase or as post-purchase additions. This is referred to as an activity cluster in the text. (moderate) p. 121 Mini-Cases Mini-Case 6-1 Sean McMillan is shopping for a new car. He is very concerned about receiving value for his money. He believes cars are transportation and should be driven until they fall apart. He does not understand how people can trade in their car for a new one every few years. This view of cars is very much part of his Scottish-Irish heritage. Sean’s lifestyle can be best described as comfortable, frugal, reflective, mature, and stable. He favors durability, functionality, and value in the products he buys. He must have a vehicle that is large enough to hold his two teenagers comfortably. After talking to his wife, his brother, and a few co-workers, Jim test drives a minivan but decides he likes SUVs with V-8 engines. 76. Refer to Mini-Case 6-1.