Pedophile Priest Scandal Essay - 580 Words

Pedophile Priest Scandal In 2002 the Catholic Church was rocked with scandalous reports of Priests sexually molesting young children and particularly boys. The scandal is the result of numerous investigations, allegations, arrests, trials, convictions and imprisonment of Catholic Priests. It became largely reported that once trusted and respected Catholic Priests were pedophiles. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categorizes pedophilia as a mental disorder if the sexual fantasies or urges involve prepubescent children , if they last six months or longer, if the individual has acted on them, or if they cause marked distress† (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The abuse scandal hit the church at†¦show more content†¦The church had a study done by researchers at John Jay College. In two major reports spanning from 1950 to 2010, the church had the researchers report on the scope and nature of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests. The research disclosed some important issues (John Jay College Research Team, 2004). The major findings disclosed there was no single cause as a predictor of abuse, 75% of the abuses were alleged to have taken place from 1960-1984, there were about 3,000 priests accused of abuse American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Revised 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; (2000). John Jay College Research Team. (2004). The nature and scope of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests and deacons in the United States, 1950-2002. Washington, DC: United States Confer-ence of Catholic Bishops. Lewis, Aidan (2010). Looking behind the Catholic sex abuse scandal. BBC News. Retrieved May, 2014 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8654789.stm Nelson, Jeffrey A. (2009). Sex Abuse in the American Catholic Church and the Attempt at Redemption. Communication Theater Association of Minnesota. Summer: 37–51. From a review of the New York Times, January 9 through April 18, 2002. Saradjian, A., Nobus, D. (2003). Cognitive distortions of religious professionals who sexually abuse children. Journal of interpersonal violence, 18(8), 905-923. Terry, K. J. (2008). Stained GlassShow MoreRelatedObservation Of A Psychiatric Mental Disorder1781 Words   |  8 Pagesconcern was the possible loss of power, fame, and faith within the parishioners, which led the bishops to avoid the scandal. The Catholic Church achieved the cover-up of the scandal by settling the lawsuits outside court, by paying secret damages to the victims and by not taking into consideration the severe emotional, and psychological repercussions on minors. Even though the scandal was evaded at the beginning, it was an issue that fell off under its own weight. Consequently, the media attentionRead MoreChristianity and Islam Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesin mosques on Friday’s. Christians pray in churches, chapels, cathedrals, and basilicas on Sunday’s. During their prayers Muslims have their head covered and kneel throughout the session. Christianity has many religious leaders such as; the pope, priest, archbishop, and deacon. Where the pope is t he highest authority. Islam’s religious leaders are called imams and do not have a hierarchy like Christianity. The strength of Christianity and Islam beliefs has diminished in recent decadesRead MoreEssay The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church.2230 Words   |  9 Pagesstory concerning a Catholic Priest sparked the headlines. The Boston Globe newspaper reported, â€Å"Nine allege priest abused them, threaten to sue church† (â€Å"Spotlight Investigation†). The article was a steppingstone for what triggered an intense investigation, extending from Massachusetts to Washington State, into allegations of child sexual abuse and the Catholic Church. For decades the Catholic Church has tolerated and silenced accusations of sexual misconduct by its priests. This essay discussesRead MoreOne True Religion: A Flawed Concept1029 Words   |  5 PagesFor me it would be easy to create an angry indictment of organized religion. Evidence of religious strife and abuse exist in almost every society throughout history. Modern examples include the pedophile priest scandal, the endless line of Islamists ready to blow themselves up in the market place, the machete wielding Nigerian who hacks up his neighbors, the junta beating monks in Myanmar, the countries which have or want nuclear weapons and are ready to use them against religions enemies. The listRead MoreThe Film Spotlight And How This Film Does The Freedom Of Speech?1976 Words   |  8 Pagesthe allegations of abuse in the Catholic Church of Boston. In 2001, editor of The Boston Globe, Marty Baron, assigns the Spotlight team to focus on an excommunicated priest accused of molesting more than 80 boys in the Boston area. As the Spotlight team starts to interview victims, it becomes apparent that it’s more than just one priest and the reporters make it their mission to provide proof of a cover-up of sexual abuse within the Roman Catholic Church. The year-long investigation uncovers a decades-longRead MoreThe Bad Sleep Well By John Patrick Shanley Essay2179 Words   |  9 Pagesis a poor, black child living in Bronx, NY with his controlling mother and abusive father trying to fit in an Irish catholic school during the peak of the civil rights era. Sister Aloysius attempts to do the near impossible and find out if the head priest, Father Flynn, has done the unspeakable act of molesting Donald Muller. The play doesn’t establish if Father Flynn was guilty or innocent, thus giving the audience a role of creating their own conclusion of what happened. With the events that becomeRead MoreThe Public Sphere : An Encyclopedia Article Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions will go to protect themselves, about who we listen to and protect, about who and what we ignore, about the power of disclosure and even conversation† (Smith-Fullerton). The report, which details numerous pedophile cases by Catholic priests, the journalists who disclosed the scandals, and the community who became complicit, exemplifies the destructive nature of our hierarchical society and the accumulated power it sustains. Larson highlights that the dominance of systems that govern our dailyRead MoreChild Abuse Within Public Schools3070 Words   |  13 Pagesstudents in schools is likely more than 100 times the abuse by priests. The federal report said 422,000 California public-school students would be victims before graduation. The connection between such a high numbers of abuse victims is unheard but can only lead to one main question; who are the educators of these children. CBS reported headlines about a Nationwide Teacher Molestation Cover-up and by asking Are Ed Schools Producing Pedophiles? The victimization of children must start with those capableRead MoreEffects of Corruption in the Phil.14311 Words   |  58 Pageswith certain influential religious groups with alleged secret cash handouts threaten to further escalate the political conflict and sully the clergys reputation as a source of moral authority amid the countrys rough and tumble politics. Numerous scandals have stuck to Arroyos administration, starting with her alleged rigging of the 2004 elections, the alleged use of the countrys fertilizer fund to finance her campaign drive, and now charges that her husband and a close political associate received

Johnstown Flood Essay - 1199 Words

McCullough presents a meticulously researched, detailed account of the Johnstown Flood of May 31st 1889, which provides arguments for why the disaster was both â€Å"the work of man† and â€Å"a visitation of providence†. However, it is apparent that McCullough believes that man was more responsible than nature/god for the extent of the catastrophe. In McCullough’s opinion, the storm that caused the flood was no more than the inevitable stimulus of the disaster, whereas the deferred maintenance and poor repairs on the dam were the primary reason that Johnstown was devastated in 1889. McCullough exposes the failed duties of Benjamin Ruff and other members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, whilst simultaneously questioning the†¦show more content†¦He also explains how heavy rainfall in 1879 and 1881 caused further damage. This information sets a precedent for the disaster of 1889. McCullough once again reiterates the responsibility of man prior to the 1889 disaster with the example of Daniel J. Morrell’s concerns in 1880. He sent John Fulton on behalf of the Cambria Iron Works to inspect the dam, where two major structural problems were found: there was no discharge pipe to reduce water in the dam, and, the previous repair left a leak that cut into the dam. This initial warning and advice was rejected, even after their offer to pay for repairs. McCullough then points out that there were in fact four other crucial problems that needed to be repaired that had not been noticed by Fulton. The height of the dam had been lowered, reducing the height between the crest and the spillway. A screen of iron rods were put across the spillway, which would decrease its capacity when clogged by debris. The dam sagged in the center so it was lower than at the ends when the center should have been highest and strongest. Lastly, the club brought the level of the lake near ly to the top so there was no reserve capacity for a severe storm. By indicating the many problems with the dam prior to the great flood of 1889 and the South Fork Club’s refusal to acknowledge the potential danger, McCullough is leaving little doubt to the reader of hisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Johnstown Flood Disaster1263 Words   |  6 PagesJohnstown Flood May 31, 1889 was a day that brought terror to the small town of Johnstown Pennsylvania. The small town was established in 1794 as a steel town and had a population on 30,000. The cause of the flood actually starts not at the town but 14 upstream at the South Fork Dam were the Little Conemaugh and Stony Creeks rivers meet as you can see in the image below. At this place is Lake Conemaugh, a 3-mile long lake located up against the side of a mountain, 450 feet higher than JohnstownRead MoreThe Johnstown Flood896 Words   |  4 PagesResponse Paper of the Johnstown Flood â€Å"Johnstown flood† is a short story written by David McCullough. This story talks about the miraculous survival of a little girl named Gertrude. Gertrude’s sheer luck got her up the hill safely. Of course, with the help of several people she met along the way. I think that this is an extraordinary act of how worked together and some people put his/her life at risk to save a small child that they didn’t even knew. I fell that this is a great example of howRead MoreThe Great Flood Of 18891385 Words   |  6 PagesAlso known as the â€Å"Great Flood of 1889,† the Johnstown flood occurred when a local man-made dam failed, unleashing millions of gallons of water and causing utter destruction in its wake. On May 31st, 1889,   at around 3:10 p.m., about 14 miles from Johnstown, PA, the South Fork Dam was overcome by several structural shortcomings and   failed. This allowed millions of gallons of water to surge through the Conemaugh Valley, leaving little in its wake (NPS). There were a total of 111 days of rainfallRead MoreEssay on Flooding719 Words   |  3 Pages floods Thousands of years ago before people built towns and planted crops, rivers cut deep canyons and molded the continents. Often these rivers overflowed their banks and flooded the surrounding areas, depositing mineral rich silt and soil in the surrounding plains and valleys. Because of the way floods enrich soil some of the first cities were built along rivers. The most important ones grew along the Indus River in Pakistan; the Nile in Egypt; the Yellow River in China; and the Tigris andRead MoreFlood and National Weather Service2299 Words   |  10 PagesA flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas - washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a storm, hurricane, or tropical storm or melt water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods can also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam, as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash f loods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale lessRead MoreSurvival: A Chance or Choice? Essay660 Words   |  3 Pagescertain time. During the Johnstown Flood, the dreadful thought of being there in that situation crossed many peoples minds. For the people that chose to travel on the train that day, they got caught in the terrible flowing water. The train did not plan to stop on the tracks, at that time, on that day, in Johnstown. It was just fate for those who got stuck in the awful flood. It was also just pure bad luck for those seventy-five people who chose to stay at the hotel in Johnstown. They had no idea thatRead MoreThe Hidden Treasure Of History1641 Words   |  7 PagesCanal Commissioners began building the Pennsylvania canal in 1826 but there was a natural barrier in their way. The Allegheny Mountains between Hollidaysburg and Johnstown was an overland obstacle that Moncure Robinsion thought would be fixed by bringing in a railroad that would connect the Hollidaysburg area of the canal to the Johnstown waterway (Portage Centennial Book Committee, 1990, p.3). After a few adjustments to plans the building of the railroad began. The railroad was be completed by 1834Read MoreClarissa Harlow, American Red Cross, Educator And Nurse753 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to arising fears of foreign entanglements. In 1881 The American Red Cross Society was founded and Clarissa was the first president. The organization oversaw assistance and relief work for victims of disasters such as the 1889 Johnstown Flood and the 1900 Galveston Flood. The organization also sent help and supplies to international campaigns, such as the famine in Russia during 1892 and to Armenia in 1896. In her later and final years of life, she went to Cuba to help out during the Spanish-AmericanRead More1776 by David Mccullough Book Summary Essay707 Words   |  3 Pagesthey had to fallback. Finally Washington made a brilliant strike in the Battle Trenton that gave the Continental Army the momentum it so dearly needed. David McCullough is a well experienced Author with titles such as John Adams, Truman, The Johnstown Flood, The Great Bridge, The Path between the Seas, Mornings on Horseback, and Brave Companions. He has also received the Pulitzer Prize, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Los Angeles Times Book Award, and has won the National Book Award twice. HeRead MoreEvaluation of Team Organization in Services Provided by Community Agencies and Multinationals1205 Words   |  5 Pagesapart from the blood, health and safety services is the response to disaster. The organization did a commendable work during times of disaster such as the 2005 hurricanes, the Florida and Kansas tornadoes of 2007, the Conair air crash, the Midwest floods of June 2008, the Minneapolis bridge collapse and the recent Haiti earthquakes. Their response to these disasters propelled them to international spotlight for their community services (Dulles F.R., 1971). Roles and responsibilities of nurses in

Compare the Ways in Which Expected Roles Were Determined Free Essays

Compare the ways in which expected roles were determined by gender in ‘Journeys End’ and ‘The Accrington Pals’. To what extent would you agree that ‘Accrington Pals’ presents a more credible image than ‘Journeys End’. A large proportion of Great War literature suggests that men were socially seen as the superior gender but women were given opportunities to prove themselves in a male-dominated society as a by-product of war. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare the Ways in Which Expected Roles Were Determined or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will compare the issues of gender identity and roles at the front line in R. C Sheriffs ‘Journeys End’ and the impact war had on women who stayed home in Accrington, seen in Peter Whelan’s ‘The Accrington Pals’ during 1914 and 1918. ‘Journeys End’ appears to be a more credible drama because of Sheriffs first-hand experience of the war, where as ‘The Accrington Pals’ depicts the more emotional side of war. R. C Sheriff uses Stanhope as an example of how war affected young, intelligent and inexperienced men and showing the reality of war. Stanhope is the stereotypical male of WW1. He is the image of authority, power and patriotism. He is also thought incredibly highly of from the lower ranks. ‘He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got’. It seems as though men were in the war for a long time but the reality being that the death rate of British officers was higher than that of the lower ranks with the average life expectancy of an officer being fourteen days. The word ‘long’ therefore creates irony within the drama. From the beginning of the drama, we are enlightened of Stanhope’s experience and dedication to his duty, however, Stanhope could be seen as a contradictory figure. His heavy drinking and reliance on alcohol may be a sign of weakness, which could also present Sheriffs use of realism in the drama. Stanhope is far from reluctant to admit he has a drinking problem. ‘Without being doped with whisky- I’d go mad with fright. ’ Sherriff’s own experience may have been reflected on in this dialogue as men at war used to seek comfort in things in order to avoid fright. It is apparent that this is the reason for Stanhope’s excessive drinking. Seeking comfort in something seen as sinful by society is also typical of Ralph from ‘The Accrington Pals’ who seeks contentment whilst away from his girlfriend, Eva Mason. At the beginning of the play, Ralph expresses love, affection and admiration for Eva; ‘clever woman! Eh? Brains! ’, which is why it seems disappointing when Ralph admits he has been unfaithful to her in whilst away at war, seen in the extract, ‘I’ve been a bastard to you Eva, if only you knew. Slept with whores’. Ralph, being a typical representation of a working class citizen suggests that war can turn even the most honourable man to adultery in the search for comfort. It is almost as if Whelan sympathises with the fragility of men because of their previous innocence, horrific war and their apparent flaws. Through the use Stanhope and Ralph as characters the audience understand the expectations placed on men because of their class. Stanhope, being from the high rank in the military is ultimately granted respect from the lower ranks, whilst Ralph in ‘The Accrington Pals’ was from a lower class citizen and in a lower rank, thus the reason for C. S. M Rivers arrogance and lack of respect; ‘we don’t want you shooting yourself in the head. ’ C. S. M Rivers does not think Ralph is capable of the things man does in war, simply because of his class. The patriotic character of Stanhope in ‘Journeys End’ compares with Tom Hackford from ‘The Accrington Pals’, who illustrates comradeship throughout the entire drama. Despite his description in the preface being that he is ‘a dreamy, utopian idealist young man’, he does not seem typical of the average man of the war as he appears almost as a young boy, not knowing the horrific reality of what is to come. He is very dedicated to his future duty as a solider and seems excited to fight for his country, although this is not in the interest of May, who describes war with ‘that’s a world you love isn’t it’. As an audience, we gain an insight to Tom’s reasons for volunteering. This is ironic because he understands that he is soon to die but he describes signing up as a way to escape from Accrington for something new ‘free of here, of this place, of this town’. Being such a socialist creature; it can only be disappointing that war has limited opportunities for the male gender as many of the young men who signed themselves up such as Tom and Ralph whom had no idea of the reality of the trenches because of government censorship. Tom’s enthusiasm to his obligation is apparent throughout the drama, as seen in his letter he writes to May in scene two. ‘I hope you don’t mind me sharing it as we do all the parcels here’ Comradeship is proven as he shares his luxuries with the Pals. ‘I hope you don’t mind me sharing it’. Even near to his death, Tom still concentrates on sticking with one another to get through the war. The ideologies of Tom contrast to those of May Hassel, who is described from the outset of ‘The Accrington Pals’ as ‘a strong-minded, rugged individualist woman. The entrepreneurial spirit displayed through May’s independence and the leadership motive of the iron lady, suggest the advantages war gave women. Whilst the men are absent from Accrington, May is left focused on exploiting the chances now available, making her appear arrogant and cold hearted. May obsesses with business ideas and opts to making money out of the war. à ¢â‚¬ËœI never believed that war would make a difference like this. There’s money around’. The individual attitude and the drive to make money is not typical of the female gender role, therefore May does not present the normal values the contemporary audience are expecting from a woman. ‘The Accrington Pals’ suggests the more emotional side of war for women, showing the eventual downfall of May caused by the lack of male influence within war shaped society, however does strengthen May’s development as an individualist. The absence of Tom seems the reason for Mays change. Her development during the play into a more conventional and sensitive women (as seen in scene four act one). The change in Mays character can be seen when she offers to make the tea. She seems more lenient and positive. In ‘The Accrington Pals’, it is arguable that May Hassal conforms to the role that is often portrayed of women in the First World War: taking on the everyday roles of men while they were away. This expectation has been shown to us through literature from the time, such as Emmeline Pankhurst’s autobiography which gives the proof that feminism was now a feature of Edwardian existence. May suggests this as she is shown to be an individualistic, entrepreneurial ‘tartar’ (seen in conversation between the Pals). In this sense, however, May is shown to be more masculine, and has seemingly swapped roles with Tom who becomes more feminine. This can be determined by the labels that May gives him, such as ‘Dreamer’. However, these gender roles are once again returned to typical trends of society by the end of the play when May becomes feminised by Tom’s death. This seems to be portrayed as almost chaotic, and heroic. Rivers says, ‘But our Tom was a hero †¦ , a madcap scarecrow ripping his way out of the wire! ’ Tom’s death, while instilling a sense of masculinity back to Tom’s character role, also gives us a sense of uncommon femininity in May reverting her to the underlying fact that she is a female. Throughout the drama, May is often shown to be the cold hearted, aggressive character yet Tom’s death leads her to act out in a more emotional, feminine way and expresses her sorrowed emotions. This is similar to Stanhope and Raleigh’s relationship in ‘Journey’s End’. Both are emotionally connected, and have been for a long time, yet the older character, Stanhope, treats Raleigh as both an outsider and a stranger for the majority of the play, speaking down to him and criticising him largely. Stanhope says in one instance ‘ D’you understand an order? Give me that letter! ’. In many ways, the relationship shared by Stanhope and Raleigh is similar to that of Tom and May; the older and more experienced character doubts the abilities and maturity of the younger, more innocent individual therefore limiting the care that is expressed between them. Just as with May, Stanhope openly expresses his emotions during the death of Raleigh, showing a return to the Stanhope that was described by Raleigh earlier in the play – a hero, an idol, who cared for him. ‘Stanhope gently takes his hand. ’ Stanhope expresses a great deal of care for Raleigh in his final moments of life and attempts to make his death as comfortable as possible. This seems to show appreciation for him as a person per-war as well as a brave solider. This is similar to how May expresses her sorrow for Tom’s death in ‘The Accrington Pals’. To conclude this essay, the gender of a person seems to alter the role they played during World War One. Men were expected to fight for their honour and country whereas women were expected to stay at home and support infants and households. Each role is an act of protection. Whether it was staying at home in Accrington, or fighting at the front in ‘Journeys End’, a place in society was inevitably determined by gender. ‘Journeys End’ was written from the personal perspective of R. C. Sherriff, so is more likely to be based on his own experiences of the war. It is very likely that Sherriff witnessed the discussed gender roles and identities as part of the reality of war, adding to the credibility of the factual based play. His work seems to be heavily based on gender hegemonies apt of the Great War era giving extra depth and dimension to the truth of War. However one must not forget Peter Whelan wrote ‘The Accrington Pals’ when the war was over, therefore using information and experiences from historical evidence. Although this may be a more rounded opinion, in my opinion the real life experiences of R. C. Sherriff creates a far more credible and powerful piece of literature. How to cite Compare the Ways in Which Expected Roles Were Determined, Essay examples

Marketing Mang KOtler test bank ch cosumer free essay sample

Chapter 6 – Analyzing Consumer Markets and Buyer Behavior True/False Questions 1. Whirlpool uses staff anthropologists to determine how exotic cultures do their laundry. False (easy) p. 111 2. Culture is the most fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior. True (moderate) p. 112 3. Social classes are relatively heterogeneous and enduring divisions in a society. False (difficult) p. 113 4. If you reject the values of a particular group, it is considered a dissociative group. True (moderate) p. 113 5. Religious, professional, and trade union groups are types of secondary reference groups. True (moderate) p. 113 6. Of the major factors influencing buying behavior, your family will exert the broadest and deepest influence. True (moderate) pp. 114-115 7. Family members constitute the most influential primary reference group. True (easy) pp. 114-115 8. An opinion leader is a person who offers informal advice or information about some product category. True (easy) p. 114 9. The value of the social class concept to marketers is that members of a given class tend to share similar values, interests, and behavior. True (moderate) p. 113 10. Usually people from the same subculture, social class, and/or occupation have essentially the same lifestyle. False (moderate) p. 116 11. The buyer’s age and occupation are considered personal factors that may affect buying decisions. True (easy) pp. 115-116 12. Because human needs are universal, status symbols are the same worldwide. False (moderate) p. 117 13. VALS 2 is designed to reveal why people believe and act as they do, specifically their consumer behavior. True (moderate) p. 116 14. The VALS 2 segment Experiencers is made up of conservative, conventional, and traditional people who favor familiar products and established brands. False (moderate) p. 116 15. Perception involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting information inputs to create a meaningful picture of the world. True (moderate) p. 118 16. Most human behavior is learned. True (easy) p. 119 17. The buying decision process will involve the same stages regardless of whether the purchase reflects high or low involvement. False (moderate) p. 120 18. If in order to buy a computer, James visited several electronic stores, read magazine reviews, and talked to several friends, he would have exhibited high involvement in the consumer decision process. She has gone to the country club every weekend since she can remember. She likes to take tennis lessons and has even tried golfing. She is co-captain of her high school’s varsity cheerleading squad. Her parents would like her to join the Honor Society (his grades are good enough), but she thinks its members are losers. Her boyfriend is a starter on the basketball team. In a short essay, identify the different types of reference groups and discuss the three ways they influence behavior. Answer: Tiffany’s parents, the other cheerleaders, and the Blink-182 fan club are primary groups. The people at the country club is a secondary reference group. She sees the Honor Society group as a dissociative reference group. The boyfriend’s clique may be an aspirational group. Tiffany’s reference groups expose her to new behaviors and lifestyles. They influence her attitude and self-concept. And they create pressure for conformity that might affect actual product and brand choices. (moderate) pp. 113-115 73. Aubrey, Will, and Miguel were watching the Arizona Diamondbacks on television when a Dodge truck commercial came on followed shortly by one for Toyota trucks. Will is in the market for a new truck, so he paid close attention to both commercials. Aubrey saw the same commercial and wondered why anyone would want to run a shiny new truck through all that mud. If you had to drive it in the mud, then a truck was not for her. Miguel used to have a Toyota truck and decided that if his experience were any indicator, the Toyota truck truly is â€Å"the mayor of Truckville. † In a short essay, discuss how their responses to the TV commercials illustrate perception? p. 118 74. The information search in the buying decision process involves gathering information from a number of sources. In a short essay, name the four different sources and give examples of each source an individual would use when buying new carpeting. Answer: Personal sources would include family, friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. Commercial sources would include advertising, salespeople, and store displays. Public sources include publicity pieces in print and broadcast media, including the Internet, and reports by consumer-rating organizations. Experiential sources might by taking your shoes off and walking on samples at the store or feeling a friend’s new living room carpeting with your hands.  (easy) p. 122 75. Explain how a consumer buying a car is involved in a cluster of activities, as opposed to being involved in only a single task. Answer: The act of making a decision to buy a car is itself a complex task. But consumers engaged in such a process are generally in the market for other related goods and services at the same time. For example, after deciding which car to purchase, the consumer needs to consider car insurance providers, their premiums and service levels. Most consumers finance, rather than pay for a car outright. This involves assessing different options, such as which bank, credit union, or other source to choose, as well a comparison of the interest rates they each may charge. The consumer also may be considering whether to add on accessories, either as part of the purchase or as post-purchase additions. This is referred to as an activity cluster in the text. (moderate) p. 121 Mini-Cases Mini-Case 6-1 Sean McMillan is shopping for a new car. He is very concerned about receiving value for his money. He believes cars are transportation and should be driven until they fall apart. He does not understand how people can trade in their car for a new one every few years. This view of cars is very much part of his Scottish-Irish heritage. Sean’s lifestyle can be best described as comfortable, frugal, reflective, mature, and stable. He favors durability, functionality, and value in the products he buys. He must have a vehicle that is large enough to hold his two teenagers comfortably. After talking to his wife, his brother, and a few co-workers, Jim test drives a minivan but decides he likes SUVs with V-8 engines. 76. Refer to Mini-Case 6-1.

Frances Perkins Essays - United States, 74th United States Congress

Frances Perkins Joshua Reynolds Everest University Frances Perkins Frances Perkins was appointed to the State Industrial Commission in 1918 and named its chairman in 1926. It was only two years later, in 1929, that then governor Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted Perkins to be the Industrial Commissioner of New York, the chief post in the state labor department. She continued her efforts to expand factory investigations, reduce the work week to 48 hours for women, and facilitate minimum wage and unemployment insurance laws. In 1933, President Roosevelt appointed Perkins as his Secretary of Labor, making her the first woman in the United States to hold a Cabinet position. She served longer than any other Secretary of Labor, from March 1933 to July 1945. As secretary, she played a key role in writing New Deal legislation. She immediately proposed federal aid to the states for direct unemployment relief, an extensive program of public works, an approach to the establishment by federal law of minimum wages and maximum hours; unemployment and old-age insurance, abolition of child labor, and the creation of a federal employment service. Because of her diligence and vision, the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act, 1935) was passed which gave workers the right to collective bargaining and created the National Labor Relations Board. A famous event, in which Perkins led thousands of steelworkers to a meeting place to negotiate their bargaining rights, was captured and circulated in a newspaper photo. Best described as a strong advocate for government intervention for the public good, Perkins' involvement and persuasive ventures usually led to victory. in 1934, while serving in the cabinet, she was made chairwoman of the President's Committee on Economic Security. A report issued by that committee laid the basis for the Social Security Act. Although it was considered at the time to be a radical departure, the proposal was accepted with enthusiasm by Roosevelt. A petition in favor of the measure was signed by 20 million people. Her most important contribution as chairwoman resulted in the Social Security Act of 1935. When the Fair Labor Standards Act passed in 1938, Perkins had managed to persuade Congress to eliminate "labor conditions detrimental to the maintenance of the minimum standards of living necessary for health, efficiency and well-being of workers." The law also established a minimum wage. On the other hand, Congressional conservatives were angered with Perkins when on one occasion she had refused to deport Harry Bridges, the head of the Westcoast Longshore Union. References: Frances Perkins. (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2017, from https://aflcio.org/about/history/labor-history-people/frances-perkins Frances Perkins. (2016, April 07). Retrieved June 15, 2017, from https://www.biography.com/people/frances-perkins-9437840

Two Evil Shadows essays

Two Evil Shadows essays Two novels written by outstanding authors, The Scarlet Pimpernel , written by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, and A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens, are set during the French revolution, and both have something common. The books both contain powerful portrayals of antagonists. Chauvelin is the villain in The Scarlet Pimpernel and Mme Defarge is the villain in A Tale Of Two Cities, and they are both excellent examples of villains. A villain is an evil character, guilty of serious crimes, who acts in opposition to the hero. Every villain is an evil character, and through their own words, relationships with others, and the general description of their character it becomes more apparent. In A Tale of Two Cities Mme Defarge is constantly found sitting in the back of her their store knitting a register of names that she believes will be the list of people that will be sentenced to the guillotine for the revolutionary cause. This shows that she is a quiet villain and keeps to herself until she attacks. Mme Defarge lashes out when she tries to confront Lucie and arrest her, but finds Miss Pross instead, and Mme Defarge is armed with a gun. She tries to have Lucie and her daughter executed because Lucie and her daughter are connected Darnay who is an Evrmonde, and Mme Defarge is the surviving sibling of the man and woman killed by the Evrmondes. Mme Defarge also turns on Lucie before she tries to have them executed. Lucie was unaware that Mme Defarge was plotting against her and was not expecting her to act that way towards her. In The Scarlet Pimpernel Chauvelin prefers to tell his men and superior, Robespierre, what he plans to do. Chauvelin is one of Robespierres underlings. After Sir Percival Blakney forms the secret society, The League of the Scarlet Pimpernel in order to save aristocrats from the guillotine, Robespierre orders Chauvelin to apprehend the Pimpernel, Sir Percival Blakney. Chauvelin was...

Social Media and Brand Reputation Dissertation

Social Media and Brand Reputation - Dissertation Example Reputation risk has been considered the primary threat to business operations and the market value of their organizations. Despite this, organizations have been neglecting reputation risk management strategies. Thus with the aim to educate businesses on the ways in which brands might deal with ‘viral’ social media events to ensure they do not damage the reputation of the brand, three objectives were set in Chapter I. This was a qualitative study based on secondary data and after extensive literature in Chapter Two the study has achieved its objectives. The study finds that social media has changed how businesses function. Social networking applications create and manage a digital expression of people’s personal relationships or links. Social networking has the ability to expand social contacts, accelerate business processes, improve customer relations, reduce cost of recruitments, improve staff morale, motivation and job satisfaction among employees. It also provi des a collaborative learning environment where knowledge workers can be grouped together. Social media can be termed as an alternative communication tool which supports existing relationship and enriches the users’ experience. ... Web 2.0 technology presents opportunities for companies to be closer to their customers, to their markets, to observe and collect information. Companies form online brand communities where consumers can have direct but non-intrusive connection with the brand which generates a sense of belonging to the group. However, the same social media platform can also damage the brand reputation. Social software is susceptible to intentional attack when groups or an individual can bend the system to suit its purpose. Users have the freedom to express strong emotions and incidents soon go ‘viral’ which negatively affects the reputation of the organization. Social media fuels new expectations about the organization and it becomes essential for the organization to respond to it. Corporations have little control over information flow and information posted with malicious intentions can damage corporation’s reputation that may have taken years to build. Social media crises have oc curred because social business readiness is lacking even in the most advanced companies. Thus, the study concludes by presenting a model to educate businesses on the ways in which brands might deal with ‘viral’ social media events. Imitations to the study have been highlighted and recommendations for further research in this sector have been made. Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem statement 2 1.3 Research aims and objectives 3 1.4 Structure of the study 3 Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 Chapter Overview 5 2.2 Definition – social media and social networking 5 2.3 Potential of Web 2.0 technology and social networking sites (SNS) 5 2.4 Benefits of social media

Make an assessment of the achievements of the Bretton Woods Fixed Essay

Make an assessment of the achievements of the Bretton Woods Fixed Exchange Rate system - Essay Example Economists themselves have considered diverse aspects of money such as the reasons for its existence, changes in its form, and its role in the economic prosperity and development of people and nations (ICFAI Center for Management Research (ICMR), 2005).† Money occupies a central place in a modern society. Money provides innumerable benefits in our day-to-day lives. In the classical theory, money played an insignificant role as it had no causative influence on the economy. In the opinion of classical theorists, money was purely confined to medium of exchange and related itself to economic activity. Money was used as a technical instrument to overcome the complexities involved in barter system. There was strong opinion that money was a passive element, which was used to help in the process of exchange. Contrary to this, in modern economics money plays a significant and an active role. Modern economists emphasize that the most important function of money is to regulate the general economic activity and to promote the wealth and welfare of a country’s economy. It further explains how money influences production, consumption and distribution. Thus, the institution of money is considered to be an efficient instrument contributing to economic prosperity of a country. Due to the advent of globalization, financial markets are getting integrated with the passage of time, and people and firms are entering into more and more cross-border financial deals. In order to make these transactions feasible, a system for determination of the amount and method of payment of the underlying financial flows is needed. Since the domestic currencies of the parties involved will be different, the flows will take place in some mutually acceptable currency. The parties involved will then need to convert the amount involved into their domestic currencies. The set of rules, regulations, institutions,

Classmates Evaluation Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Classmates Evaluation - Personal Statement Example Donald Brown: At first, Donald seems to be just an ordinary classmate with nothing really special about him. However, as time went by I notice a characteristic which sets him apart from a typical student. Different from the rest of us, I can say that he has deep sense of responsibility making him punctual in submitting individual requirements and his tasks for group projects. Arosha Desilva: Arosha is one of a kind and deviates from my expectations of what a typical guy should be like. First of all, he disproves my misconception that organization is out of a man's vocabulary. Seeing his lecture notebook and handouts for the first time, am amazed at how systematic he can be. Second, I always thought women should be nurturing and men should be authoritative. But not with him-having him in my group is an honor because he was always there to support me especially at times when I am losing my confidence. His calm personality enables him to manage stress and helps me focus on the job at hand. This trait stood out while we were on the process of writing the report and juggling it with our other individual requirements. Lastly, who says all guys are more tech savvy than girls Well, everyone has his own set of strengths and weaknesses. Computer skill is definitely not of Arosha's strong points. Sean Detorres: Sean Sean Detorres: Sean is someone I can never forget in this class. I admire him for his helpfulness and sincerity. Being on the same team as a compiler with him, I have seen how transparent he is with his feelings. Among my group mates, there have been instances that Sean and I have dissenting opinions about matters. I have to admit that I sometimes find his opinion rather irrational and unprofessional. I do appreciate how Sean shows his true feeling of disagreement on me, because it made me realized my flaws. However, I do wish Sean could have come up and talk with me in person and let me know what he is experiencing from me instead of just showing his dislike. I am thinking that maybe he is not just that vocal and has problems verbally communicating his feelings and emotions thus, he just resort on showing them. This is a room for improvement for him. I believe that he should work on his communication skills in order for him to effectively and professionally deal with his colleagues. Joshua Feng: I can say that Joshua has two good points-he is very smart as well as very articulate. During the class, he has been able to show his knowledge and skills in tackling different topics. I believe that these capabilities are really exceptional. I have noted that even though some people are smart, they do not have the capacity to share what they know. This is not the case with Joshua-he s knowledgeable and is very willing and articulate to communicate what he knows. However, I should also add that he is lazy and like to procrastinate at times. Well this can be justified by his efficiency and adeptness which enables him to tackle tasks in no time. When he starts doing his work, I am amazed how at fast and well written he is. Without his laziness, I am sure he will become a influential leader.

Nursing Students Perception Of Faculty Role Models Nursing Essay

Nursing Students Perception Of Faculty Role Models Nursing Essay Abstract Background: Professional role modelling is key component in educational arena, where teachers serve as best role models for the students. It serves as a primary way to impact students search for meaning, purpose, and value in their personal and professional life.. Therefore, to be able to assess what students perceived about their faculty approach as role modelling, we conducted a study to explore the students perceptions and experiences about the faculty role modelling at a private School of Nursing in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This study followed qualitative framework, considering group of diploma programme students as a case, data was collected through semi structure interviews from fifteen representatives of all three years of diploma programme. All students of the diploma programme were approached for their voluntary participation. Subsequently, purposefully equal participation was considered from all three years of the diploma programme for their representation in the study. Tape record interviews were transcribed with major thematic analysis of the verbatim. Findings: Participants in the study mentioned their disappointment with the ambiguity in their faculty as role models. While the faculty reinforced students to be equipped with the expected knowledge and demonstration of discipline, they themselves did not follow the same. The findings revealed that Professional role modelling needs to be encouraged with the provision of appropriate mentoring and continued education of nurse educators. Participants strongly felt that though the nurse educators are well equipped with clinical skills, they lack in clinical and classroom teaching skills. Conclusion: There is significant association between professional role modelling by nurse educators and students learning outcomes. Therefore, faculty members should demonstrate proper role modelling and practice what they preach while reinforcing professionalism. Provision of appropriate mentoring and continued education can facilitate nurse educators to become the role models for nursing students to follow. Key words: nurse educator, professional role modelling, students learning outcomes Introduction: The period of college/university education is accompanied by a significant transition of an individual from adolescence to a young adult; often requiring the students to meet several demands and challenges of education. Traditionally, the depth or accuracy of learning is usually expressed through assessment scores without major focus on cognitive, affective or behavioral learning (Lizzio et al, 2002); this reflects the basic educational system of Pakistan too. With transition to the university education, the students are often required to meet several demands and challenges; moving more towards cognitive, affective or behavioral learning than rote memorization. With this shifting paradigm, students perceptions influence their approach towards education and influences their overall learning outcomes (Lizzio et al, 2002), and their health and coping with the challenges of education. Learning environment, course structure and teaching methodology contribute overall towards the students coping and learning within these challenges of education. On the other hand, nature and structure of higher education have an implication on students well-being as they are often concerned with poverty, and become withdrawn and psychologically distressed (Dooris, 2001b). A similar change of educational environment is usually faced by the students when they enter their nursing education. Students in nursing education are required to meet academic demands which make them feel strained. This altered state of mind often impacts negatively on their academic function and health (Seyedfatemi et al, 2007). In this journey, teachers serve as a backbone of educational arena. Similarly, their teaching approach and mode of instruction plays crucial role in the development of conceptual learning in students. Considering nursing as an learning arena of specialized skills, nurse educators has to take prime position to ingrain the knowledge and skills in young future nurses, while motivating them to be self directed learner and sound decision makers. Dooris (2001b) has identified the nature and structure of higher education as one of the factors affecting studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ well-being. Nursing education require students to engage in several study hours. Struggle in meeting the requirements of various assignments and clinical (Seyedfatemi et al, 2007) often impacts on the mental health (Dunne and Somerset, 2004) of the nursing students. In the same line, faculty plays a vital role in creating positive learning environment and serve as a role model in the development of knowledge, skills and attitude in students (Glicken and Merenstein, 2007). Students are required to meet the several demands of nursing education, markedly higher then what is expected in pre-nursing education level in Pakistan. Concerns of students poor coping with the academic demands and hostel stay are often reported at various forums and at different nursing programme faculty meetings, at selected School of Nursing, also highlighting students expression of uncertainty and helplessness. This alter state of mind, often make students prone for mal adaptive coping behaviours like excessive worrying, sleeplessness and feeling of loneliness; impacting negatively on their academic function and health (Seyedfatemi, Tafreshi and Hagani, 2007). This study is an identified factor of the Masters study conducted to explore the Emotional well-being of Diploma Nursing students. Since, positive, motivational and unbiased learning environment has optimistic impact on students learning outcome in university setting (Lizzio et al, 2002); Papp, Markkanen and Bonsdorff (2003: 267) have rightly stressed that, students should be treated equally and with consistency throughout their education. In the same line, faculty plays a vital role in creating positive learning environment and serve as a role model in the development of knowledge, skills and attitude in students (Glicken and Merenstein, 2007). Therefore this study was conducted to explore the students perceptions and experiences about the faculty role modelling at a private School of Nursing in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology Interpretative paradigm was opt to assess diploma nursing students perception their subjective meanings and definitions of the emotional well-being and its related factors (Clough and Nutbrown, 2007; Creswell, 2007; Laverty, 2003; Sandelowski, 2000; Merten, 1998). Qualitative approach was considered to obtain the interpretative in-depth analysis of the experience, perceptions and understanding of research participants (Neuman, 2003; Munhall, 1989). Considering the group of diploma programme students as prospective participants of this study, a Case Study approach was used as a guide to progress in this research project, as it provides chance to the researcher to have intimate knowledge of participants feelings (Polit and Beck, 2004; Yin 2003). Case study involves exploration of case/s within a bounded system (in a specific context) like in this study being in a diploma nursing programme (Creswell, 2007). Study setting Support Services for Students at selected School of nursing Every student at selected school of nursing has a faculty advisor who guides them in their academic issues as and when required. Students are expected to visit their respective advisors at least three times a semester and also on the basis of their need (, 2006; , 2007a; , 2007c). Ambreen.Tharani2011-02-21T12:00:00 How can i refer to meeting minutes of AKU-SONIn addition, to support students emotionally, a student counsellor, who is a professional psychologist, is also available and provides support to students on need basis. Sample: Sampling was done in two stages. Initially, whole population of interest that is all the students of the diploma programme were contacted via their institutions student email identification, providing them with the study details and inviting for voluntarily participation in study. As suggested by Polit and Beck (2004), to obtain the in-depth assessment, limited number of participants was selected in this case study. Considering that the participants perspective may vary with their years of experience in the programme and their status of accommodation (Neuman, 2003); in the second stage, equal participation was encouraged from all years of diploma programme (n= 15), representing both the day scholars (n1=7) and hostel resident students (n2=8). Data collection and Analysis: Systematic data collection was conducted via individual semi-structured interviews using the interview guide to explore participants experiences (Neuman, 2003) and perceptions (Robson, 2002). Interview was audio-taped and a journal was maintained to record participants impressions, reactions and other significant information during the interview (Rudestam and Newton, 2001; Speziale and Carpenter, 2003). Efforts were made to decrease the limitations of the study. Ethical consideration was taken into account throughout the research to maintain confidentiality, anonymity and providing a follow-up mechanism to the study participants to prevent any sort of harm. Audio-recorded information was transcribed and thematic data analysis of data was done based on Laws (2003). Trustworthiness: Credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability (Polit and Beck, 2004) were ensured in this study. Considering these criteria, credibility was ensured by cautiously interpreting and presenting the responses of the participants. For promoting transferability, detailed description of the context of the study is provided while disseminating the data for possible transfer of findings in other settings (Polit and Beck, 2004). For dependability, the process and the product of the research were carefully examined for its consistency. For confirmability, stepwise record of the raw data was constructed and maintained, followed by data reduction and reconstruction, synthesis of products and subsequent analysis (Polit and Beck, 2004).Ambreen.Tharani2011-02-22T08:28:00 Can we remove these details or as suggested by you we can purely move it to the discussion part Ethical Consideration Ethical consideration was ensured following the British Educational Research Association-Code of Ethics. Along with that, Institutional Ethical Review Committee (of data collection site) was accessed and written approval was obtained for research. Director of Diploma Programme and the Dean of selected school of nursing were approached in person to state the purpose and process of the research, along with obtaining Deans permission for data collection To consent for voluntary participation, adequate information was provided in the consent form regarding the purpose of research, their participation requirement, possible risk and benefits, financial consideration and their wish to decline the participation (Speziale and Carpenter, 2003). Permission was also sought for the participants before tape-recording the interviews. To ensure anonymity and confidentiality during data collection, tape-recording, data transcribing and data analysis, the participants were addressed and referred to with respondent numbers. As this study focuses on the perceptions and feelings of the participants, the possible harm to the respondents would be emotional. My experience as a mental health nurse has helped me to utilize the therapeutic communication, including broad opening, being non-judgmental, paraphrasing and clarifying (Videbeck, 2005) during the interviews. Ambreen.Tharani2011-02-22T08:26:00 How to rephrase this- i m confused Findings: Learning Environment The participants felt that the major focus of the faculty at SELECTED SCHOOL OF NURSING was on professionalism. While reinforcing professionalism, they often put undue restrictions on the students, which in turn lead to limited learning opportunities and they felt that they were being discriminated against other students. Yes, another important thing is environment; environment in terms of professionalism. Again the teachers are around you, students are around you, so there behaviour has an impact on us and you will adopt those things People in other programme are more professional. They [teachers] restrict in dressing which is not on other programmes. (Respondent 6) In this study, the participants identified various factors in the environment that impacted their learning and emotional health likes: high expectations, ambiguity in role modelling, and teaching approach of faculty members. In addition, large classrooms played a crucial role in students learning and eventually on their emotional health. 4.2.2.1 High Expectations Participants in this study reported too many expectations by the faculty members and academia at SELECTED SCHOOL OF NURSING . Three participants strongly mentioned that they should not be considered as born nurses by the faculty members. When faculty are hired they should be taught several things before giving them teaching responsibility. Students are students not born learners. (Respondent 6) They felt that the high expectations in clinical and theory made them stressful. Furthermore, stress of going on clinical made them anxious. To make learning environment positive, they emphasized that faculty should be more supportive and flexible to understand the students problems. Clinical take too much stressor, during performance and skills. We need time to adjust and faculty expect to do each and every thing like skills lab, in front of patient and in front of staff there. It gives stress. (Respondent 12) Teachers expect that on clinical we should know every thing and when we dont know, she doesnt teach us, and say why you dont know this? We are students and in learning process. This thing disturbs students a lot. (Respondent 5) To support students at clinical, one of the participants stressed on the need for more faculty coordination with and emotional support of the students. You [faculty] should keep yourself in students shoe and see how much stress you are giving to studentsYou should coordinate with students more to understand what problems they have? With some personal problem sometimes students does some mistake on clinical and then they are put on learning contract, without thinking what they are going through. Coordination should be done with students. Though we have advisors who guide us but teachers should emotionally support students. (Respondent 2) One of the participants found challenges related to the transition from life at home to life in the hostel and university: In hostel, we have to do many things by ourselves which our parents use to do for us. Like we have to wash our clothes we have to make breakfast and no one to wake-up us. Besides that clinical! When I have to go clinical I even dont sleep previous night. I have disturbed sleep and I become very upset when I go on clinical. (Respondent 14) To study participants, the high expectations set by faculty members at clinical also resulted in poor image of the students. They were highly concerned about their image in front of the faculty members. To participants, a similar image is communicated to the other faculty members with their shift in clinical placement and with their progression to next academic semester and/or year. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦then these impression goes to other faculty, my image was disturbed in front of all. (Respondent 6) Most of the participants suggested that the students should be provided with ample time to practice their learnt skills and concepts in a non threatening environment under faculty guidance. During clinical, students should be keep relax because these are all practical work and with practical work; more practice makes you perfect. When we are more anxious we even forgot small skills. Teacher should remind us but in relax manner because we are dealing with lives of patients. (Respondent 14) One of the participants also talked about the difference in academic and summer clinical as: I dont know but I feel so because when we go on clinical we are in so much tension that if are going to be put on learning plan. Thats make us more fearful I find summer clinical are different because fear of learning plan was not there. (Respondent 14) Therefore, for policy implementation, participant suggested that: People who are running institution should not take students as sometimes machines. They are here for studies, should get particular stuff and should go back. Yes, there are requirement of institution that should be fulfilled. But still they should consider and policy should be flexible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ At time it can be changed, it is not so as it is done by somebody from another planet that we cant change. There should be ways. (Respondent 10) 4.2.2.2 Assessment Criteria Students, in each semester at SELECTED SCHOOL OF NURSING , are required to take multiple subjects and face various assessment criteria. In addition, they are required to meet the clinical component of all the courses. As a result, they complained of being overwhelmed and felt that their productivity got impacted when they had to meet all the requirements. Dont give to much stress to students so there others things are not being suffered. Gap should be given after clinical, before the assignments are expected, so we can work in more productive way. (Respondent 2) Another participant suggested that they should be given ample time after clinical to refresh themselves. Students go on clinical from too long hours so they should get time for refreshing themselves. (Respondent 3) Students, with their transition to university education, also faced difficulty with time management. They always seemed to be struggling to meet the academic deadlines. Similar concern of time management was raised by the participants with the examination schedule, which often gave them stress. Another thing is that, all paper comes together. In a week we have 3-4 paper together and we cannot utilize time effectively [translated]. It gives stress. (Respondent 9) The mostly impacting factors are exams. In which me often feel a lot of burden because there are too many things scheduled together. Then our clinical comes simultaneously and then assignment comes Then you can imagine how much stress it can cause. (Respondent 2) Highlighting similar concerns of time management and university academic schedule, one of the study participants suggested provision of ample time to the students to prepare for the examination and the clinical. Students should be given enough time so they can easily do preparation for themselves. (Respondent 1) 4.2.2.3 Ambiguity in Role Modelling Participants in the study mentioned their disappointment with the ambiguity in their faculty as role models. While the faculty reinforced students to be equipped with the expected knowledge and demonstration of discipline, they themselves did not follow the same. One of the participants reinforced that the faculty should also demonstrate respect for their uniforms when they emphasized that the students should observe a proper dress code. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Faculty says that our uniform should be perfect but there are faculty whose buttons of Koti are open, there dupattas are inside their koti and they are very senior faculty. (Respondent 8) The participants verbalized feelings of uncertainty when the verbal emphasis and role demonstration of the faculty were not congruent. These ambiguities made them feel lost and being targeted. One participant shared her feelings when she received vague instructions from the faculty as: Every time we (student) have to listen. On clinicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ teachers are saying stay with your patient though we are alone with our work patient says go away because we cant stay on their heads. We are lost. (Respondent 8) To participants, the faculty role model also counted in keeping up the image of nursing profession. We are taught professionalism, I have seen teachers un professional in class, using language as they are at home à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ what impression we are giving to outsiders. (Respondent 6) Students in nursing profession are expected to take responsibility of the action they take. While sharing an incident that took place at clinical setting, one of the participants emphasized that the faculty members should be honest and take responsibility for their action. She mentioned that as a result, she herself was emotionally disturbed and was unable to take care of the patient as expected. The mistake was done by faculty but on asking by staff she said it is students mistake à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I feel I cant say anything at that time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Yes it has an impact as I couldnt explain medication to patient properly Teacher should be honest with their student and should take responsibility of their action. (Respondent 12) Referring to the responsible attribute of faculty, one of the participants mentioned: If the faculty is fully prepared for their classes then they have right to scold us and expect from us but there are other teachers who are not prepare themselves and have too much expectation from usà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ If they are not prepare they should clearly mention; she can have problem as a human. (Respondent 6) Another participant mentioned that this ambiguity on the part of the faculty as role model had ruined her expectation with the institution. I came with very high expectation that I will learn their culture, their languages and I will learn the art of this culture. Then I came I found to some extend teachers abusive. I found that even they themselves are not professionals and asking me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they [faculty members] scold for what I dont know. (Respondent 10) One participant emphasized on appropriate role modelling as: There are teachers who are prepared and excellent in teaching and if they expect/scold. I dont mind at all. They should be proper role model. (Respondent 6) For instance, few participants were open to accept flaws in the faculty role model. Along with that they suggested faculty to be open and transparent with the students. Yeh, student should respect their faculty, but faculty should respect her students also. (Respondent 13) 4.2.2.4 Teaching Approach of Faculty In this study, the participants have identified various factors related to teaching approaches that impacts their learning and emotional health, including faculty preparedness, lack of positive reinforcement, and self directed learning. 4.2.2.4.1 Faculty Preparedness One of the participants in this study, highlighting the concern of faculty knowledge and experience, shared that: Then again I identified that they are prefect nurses but they are not perfect teacher. For being a teacher they need to go through all the strategies and methodologies. They (faculty) are the beginners as I am. They are trying to find their own way in the ocean of institution. So the difference is of 3-4 years of nursing knowledge otherwise its same. (Respondent 10) The participants also discussed about the teaching methodology used by teachers in classroom setting at SELECTED SCHOOL OF NURSING . They expressed feelings of their time being wasted when faculty did not discuss but regurgitated information in class. In some classes teachers just read from transparency. If they want to teach like this they just forward us the soft copy and we will read on our own. This will save your time and our time, and their expectations are too high. (Respondent 6) One participant commented on faculty preparation in clinical area as: They [faculty] should come prepare with their theory in class and in clinical. (Respondent 6) To ensure students learning, the participants suggested that proper training need to be given to faculty members to develop their teaching skills. Teachers should be nicely guided by the institution so they can guide students properly. (Respondent 10) 4.2.2.4.2 Lack of Positive Reinforcement The participants emphasized on the importance of positive reinforcement provided by faculty and verbalized their feelings of hopelessness when they did not receive encouragement from the faculty. I feel there is no use of doing hard work. If I have any weakness teacher should told me how I can make it better. (Respondent 6) They reported that they get motivated and their self-confidence increases when they receive timely feedback from faculty on their (the students) areas of improvement in a non-threatening manner. According to one participant: If a student does something nice they should get encouragement for it Students thinking gets limited when they are not provided encouragement. (Respondent 3) Another participant suggested: Faculty should give constructive feedback on ongoing basis so student improve because it is wrong to give negative feedback at the end if ongoing feedback for improvement was not given. (Respondent 11) 4.2.2.4.3 Lack of Self Directed Learning Participants in this study emphasized on need for self directed learning instead of long direct contact teaching hours at SELECTED SCHOOL OF NURSING . Curriculum should be like that the teacher should give the overview and there should be some how less hours class, credit should be low, so we will use more library and LRC [learning resource centre], so we are more clear (Respondent 14) Students become submissive and dependent on the educators when they do not receive enough opportunity to be self-directed learners. They highlighted that the passive role developed in the nurses during academia continues in their professional life as well. They [faculty] are not professional when they behave with students à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ thats why the girls [student] are afraid and they break them [students], they break them all nicely, badly damaged showing you are a nurse, nobody else. You cant take decisions, not for the patient and for your self. Then they are send in ward and very nicely they go under doctors, why? Because they are taught here like this. (Respondent 10) One of the participants proposed that faculty should respect individual learning capacity of students and provide opportunities for self directed learning. Allow us study in a way we want, every student strategy is different. If you accept that every teachers teaching strategy is different, why cant you accept that every students learning capacity is different. (Respondent 8) Likewise, participants emphasized that faculty openness and flexibility helped the students in learning and provided them comfort in clarifying their concepts with faculty. If the teacher is very co-operative and if she understands your psychology if she knows your way of learning you will be more close and free to ask when you have difficulty understanding some concepts. If teacher is very dominating like she is very stern and she is not flexible, so you will never ask anything. (Respondent 6) Discussion: Papp, Markkanen and Bonsdorff (2003: 267) have stressed that students should be treated equally and with consistency throughout their education. Equal treatment of students is also highlighted in the principles and perspective of setting-based approach for health promoting university. Participants in this study highlighted that though the institution / universitys rules and regulations, and academic policies are uniform for all of its students, in practice, discrimination appears widespread. They felt that they were discriminated with students of other nursing and undergraduate programmes in the university. An optimistic, motivating, and unbiased environment of learning has a positive impact on students learning outcome in the University setting (Lizzio, Wilson and Simons, 2002). In the same line, participants also highlighted various factors, like positive reinforcement, promotion of self directed learning and positive teaching approach of faculty, contributing towards their positive learning outcome and enhancing their emotional well-being. Professional nurse educators are responsible for students learning in clinical practice (Papp, Markkanen and Bonsdorff, 2003). Simultaneously, the teaching approach of faculty creates the environment of either rote memorization or conceptual learning in education. Rothstein, Wilder and Jacobsen (2007:10) have emphasized that a balanced curriculum should be concerned not only with what subjects schools teach but also with how schools teach them. The participants in this study felt that the appropriate implementation of the nursing curriculum can soothe their emotional distress and could also provide them positive learning outcome. Teaching is a special skill and medical university often come with little or no training or preparation on how to communicate knowledge and experience to the students (Glicken and Merenstein, 2007); a similar situation prevails in nursing education. The participants felt that the teaching skills of faculty members need to be strengthened as they have difficu lty in communicating their concepts and experiences to the students. Agitation was found among participants as, to them, it wastes their time. Curriculum implementation and faculty teaching approach promote self directed learning in students. Along with that, positive reinforcement in nursing education strengthens and supports students positive academic outcome. Hagbaghery, Salsali and Ahmadi (2004) found negative impact on students self-esteem and self confidence when they were not facilitated by their faculty for their problem solving and decision making skills. Ruth (2002: 120) has described self-esteem as a positive regard to oneself and has found it as a key component in restoring and maintaining mental and physical health. Consequently, participants found positive reinforcement as a motivational factor for students. In the same line, clinical practice is considered an important part of nursing education (Papp, Markkanen and Bonsdorff, 2003). Participants reported that they got motivated and their self-confidence increased when they received feedback from faculty from time to time on their areas of improvement in a non-threatening manner. Glicken and Merenstein (2007) have reported that correcting students in front of patients was found to be unacceptable in some cultures; therefore, cultural acceptance and environmental feasibility need to be considered while providing timely feedback to students. Seyedfatemi, Tafreshi and Hagani (2007) found that a large amount of preparatory work for clinical as stressful for students. Participants also felt that high expectation in clinical and theory made them stressful. Participants responses were consistent with the findings of the External Review Report of SELECTED SCHOOL OF NURSING ( 2008) that highlights no promotion of self-directed learning in the dip loma programme. Students become submissive and dependent on the educators when they do not receive enough opportunity to be self-directed learners. Seyedfatemi, Tafreshi and Hagani (2007: 2 of 10) found that, Nursing students had to devote long hours to study, were given multiple assignments, and lacked free time à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Participant felt

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

How often have we heard the statement â€Å"Two wrongs don’t make a right†? Yet, is this saying ever really applied to our lives? When do we ever turn the other cheek? As far as history is concerned, the human race has never felt the sting of a hand consecutively on both sides. Evidence to this can be found anywhere. Soldiers kill the enemy to win the war. Athletes become violent in order to obtain a trophy. And, in the judicial system, the ultimate crime of murder is dealt with the ultimate punishment of death. Yet, it poses the question does the end really justify the means? Can society’s practice of the death penalty be considered a moral disgrace? Justice is not without faults. Canadians Guy Paul Morin and David Milgaard were both wrongfully accused of murder. Both men spent many years serving out a penalty which should have never been bestowed upon them. Although, if the death penalty was common practice in Canada, these innocent victims may have been executed. They may have been killed. Murdered. All because of a guilty verdict and society’s desire to extinguish the flame of violence. The desire to have revenge. Yet, does the elimination of an offender bring back their victims or heal the wounds of the families? Should we consent to causing pain for another family by killing their child? If the offender was your child, would you want to watch them die? Of course, there is always the argument that the threat of death acts as a deterrent to threatening offenders. However, the claim that this act really does deter violent crime is inconclusive, not proven, and extremely difficult to disprove. For every set of statistics saying that it lowers the amount of violent crime, there is another to say it doesn’t and another that states it does both. Using such an ambiguous argument to support a controversial act is not only unacceptable, but it is irresponsible. If there is any validity to this argument, it is negated by the actual amount of time an offender spends on death row. Endless appeals, delays, technicalities, and retrials keep those condemned to death waiting for execution for years on end. If the majority of death row residents live to an old age anyway, why would anyone be afraid of capital punishment? It would be just as easy to sentence offenders to life of captivity and work in a prison.